Philosophy

1. Appeal to the people (argumentum ad populum)
In his book With Good Reason An Introduction to Informal Fallacies, Engel explained that this type of fallacy is committed when a person attempts to gain popular agreement and compassion through stirring up the feelings and interest of the people. This is commonly used by advertisers and politicians to gain mass sympathy. The argumentation appears to be correct and based on reason when on fact it is not.

An example of this type of fallacy is Nine out of ten Senators opposed the bill therefore it is a bad proposal.

2. Appeal to force
This fallacy is made when a person utilizes force, threat or coercion to make hisher conclusion correct and acceptable. The argumentation is deemed fallacious simply because inflicting fear to an individual does not represent an evidence for a claim.
   
A classic example of this kind of fallacy is You should believe that God exists or you will be doomed to hell.

3. Circumstantial ad hominem
This fallacy attempts to prove to an opponent that an argument is correct and acceptable because of his special beliefs and circumstances. Specifically, the arguments are determined as based on people and uses personal attack.
   
Examples of this type of informal fallacy are You should support the womens party because you are a woman and You claim that the suspect is innocent when in fact you are a criminal yourself.